الملخص: The concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are measured in the material collected from two locations. The collected materials are analyzed using gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentration of the naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in building material varies from 12.6 to 121.4, 13.6 to 142, and 69.5 to 620.6 Bq kg− 1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and hazard index are also calculated.

الملخص: The problem of a charged Dirac particle crossing a gravitational electromagnetic wave of finite duration in general relativity is considered in this paper. The set of equations representing the Dirac equation in the Newman–Penrose formalism is solved exactly. It is shown that the Dirac particle crossing such a wave emerges with amplified energy.

الملخص: Phenomenological models used, for comparison with the experimental observations, for a long time. This comparison slowly modified the structure of these models. They have contributed significantly in planning the future experiments, in addition to pointing out deviations, which needs other experiments. In this work, a Rapidity distribution in heavy ion interactions is studied, and comparison between simulated results with actual experimental data using several targets to look for deviations from the general trend.

الملخص: The fluctuations in pseudorapidity density are well described by Fritiof and IRIS, model for a bulk of the data at a few high multiplicity events remain unexplained. In these events, the estimated energy density is within the range of values predicated for the onset of the deconfinement phase transition. It is important to know whether fluctuations are, in fact, of statistical nature or geometrical ones or due to some physical process. A fluctuation is not just due to statistical origin if it exceeds five or six standard deviations. Different methods devised to understand the nature of these fluctuations are discussed.

الملخص: Palm pits are used in various human and animal feed products. In this study, the natural radioactivity levels from soil and date palm pits of 9 samples collected from major date palm farms in three different regions (Buraidah, Al-Zulfi and Al-Majmaah) of Saudi Arabia were determined by using the high purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometer. The mean activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th, 137 Cs and 40 K in soil samples were 12.8±2.2, 10.2±2.1, 0.28±0.10 and 329±87 Bg kg− 1, respectively. Similarly the mean activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K in date palm pits were 5.6±1.2, 2.8±0.4 and 181±17 Bq kg− 1, respectively, whereas 137 Cs could not be detected. The geometric mean of TF values (geometric standard deviation in parentheses) of 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K were 0.33 (2.1), 0.22 (1.8) and 0.51 (2.0), respectively.

الملخص:

الملخص: The experimental distributions for Heavy ion interaction, Au+ Au, Pb+ Au, Pb+ Pb have been fitted to polynomial fit of 4 th order to look at minor differences in multiplicity distributions for different targets at heavy ion collisions experiment. The multiplicity distributions found similar; except for small differences which may be of statistical in nature. This analysis supports the hypothesis that geometrical aspects play a dominant role in particle production in heavy ion interactions.

الملخص:

الملخص: Introduction The study of the collisions properties of strongly interacting matter at high temperature and energy density showed that hard partons lose energy when transverse in the hot and dense medium created in the collision. They lose energy by gluon radiation or colliding with surrounding patrons [1-3]. The method of energy losses lead to a softening of the hadrons spectra at high PT. The energy losses can be calculated using Quantum Chromo dynamics (QCD). Soft QCD processes dominate particle production at PT and the PT distributions, which described by hydrodynamic models, distinct pattern of mesons and baryon suppression, have been observed, which are consistent with hadronization through coalescence of quarks. Adding to that an enhancement of baryon/meson ratio above unity at high PT was observed [4, 5]. Nuclear–nuclear reactions at top SPS energy up to 17.3 GeV/nucleon studied to investigate the energy dependence

الملخص: The concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are measured in the material collected from two locations. The collected materials are analyzed using gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentration of the naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in building material varies from 12.6 to 121.4, 13.6 to 142, and 69.5 to 620.6 Bq kg− 1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and hazard index are also calculated.

الملخص: The problem of a charged Dirac particle crossing a gravitational electromagnetic wave of finite duration in general relativity is considered in this paper. The set of equations representing the Dirac equation in the Newman–Penrose formalism is solved exactly. It is shown that the Dirac particle crossing such a wave emerges with amplified energy.

الملخص: Phenomenological models used, for comparison with the experimental observations, for a long time. This comparison slowly modified the structure of these models. They have contributed significantly in planning the future experiments, in addition to pointing out deviations, which needs other experiments. In this work, a Rapidity distribution in heavy ion interactions is studied, and comparison between simulated results with actual experimental data using several targets to look for deviations from the general trend.

الملخص: The fluctuations in pseudorapidity density are well described by Fritiof and IRIS, model for a bulk of the data at a few high multiplicity events remain unexplained. In these events, the estimated energy density is within the range of values predicated for the onset of the deconfinement phase transition. It is important to know whether fluctuations are, in fact, of statistical nature or geometrical ones or due to some physical process. A fluctuation is not just due to statistical origin if it exceeds five or six standard deviations. Different methods devised to understand the nature of these fluctuations are discussed.

الملخص: Palm pits are used in various human and animal feed products. In this study, the natural radioactivity levels from soil and date palm pits of 9 samples collected from major date palm farms in three different regions (Buraidah, Al-Zulfi and Al-Majmaah) of Saudi Arabia were determined by using the high purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometer. The mean activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th, 137 Cs and 40 K in soil samples were 12.8±2.2, 10.2±2.1, 0.28±0.10 and 329±87 Bg kg− 1, respectively. Similarly the mean activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K in date palm pits were 5.6±1.2, 2.8±0.4 and 181±17 Bq kg− 1, respectively, whereas 137 Cs could not be detected. The geometric mean of TF values (geometric standard deviation in parentheses) of 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K were 0.33 (2.1), 0.22 (1.8) and 0.51 (2.0), respectively.

الملخص:

الملخص: The experimental distributions for Heavy ion interaction, Au+ Au, Pb+ Au, Pb+ Pb have been fitted to polynomial fit of 4 th order to look at minor differences in multiplicity distributions for different targets at heavy ion collisions experiment. The multiplicity distributions found similar; except for small differences which may be of statistical in nature. This analysis supports the hypothesis that geometrical aspects play a dominant role in particle production in heavy ion interactions.

الملخص:

الملخص: Introduction The study of the collisions properties of strongly interacting matter at high temperature and energy density showed that hard partons lose energy when transverse in the hot and dense medium created in the collision. They lose energy by gluon radiation or colliding with surrounding patrons [1-3]. The method of energy losses lead to a softening of the hadrons spectra at high PT. The energy losses can be calculated using Quantum Chromo dynamics (QCD). Soft QCD processes dominate particle production at PT and the PT distributions, which described by hydrodynamic models, distinct pattern of mesons and baryon suppression, have been observed, which are consistent with hadronization through coalescence of quarks. Adding to that an enhancement of baryon/meson ratio above unity at high PT was observed [4, 5]. Nuclear–nuclear reactions at top SPS energy up to 17.3 GeV/nucleon studied to investigate the energy dependence

الملخص: In the first study, the Radon emanation and radiological hazards associated with radionuclides in soil samples, collected from 9 various date palm farms located in 3 different districts in Saudi Arabia were determined through a high purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometer. The estimated average values of Radon emanation coefficient and Radon mass exhalation rate for soil samples were 0.535 ± 0.016 and 50.063 ± 7.901 mBqkg−1h−1, respectively. The annual effective dose of radionuclides in all sampling locations was found to be lower than UNSCEAR's recommended level of 0.07 mSvy−1 for soil in an outdoor environment. In the secondary study, gross α and gross β activities in soil and date palm pits samples were measured by a low background α/β counting system. Average values of gross α and gross β activities in soil and date palm pits samples were 5.761 ± 0.360 Bqkg−1, 38.219 ± 8.619 Bqkg−1 and 0.556 ± 0.142 Bqkg−1, 24.266 ± 1.711 Bqkg−1, respectively.

الملخص: Herein, a novel mountain soursop seeds powder (MSSP) adsorbent was employed to explore the adsorption mechanism of two relevant environmental pollutants: crystal violet CV and methylene blue MB. As a first assessment to investigate the adsorption mechanism and to analyze the performance of this adsorbent, the dye adsorption isotherms were measured at 298–328 K and pH 8. Experimental results demonstrated that this adsorbent was more effective to remove the CV dye compared to MB dye from aqueous solution, thus concluding that it could utilized for the treatment of dye polluted industrial effluents. To further interpret the adsorption mechanism and to obtain a new physicochemical vision, a successful phenomenological theoretical analysis via double layer adsorption model was detailed in this paper. At high equilibrium concentration, the adsorbed quantities at saturation were calculated and they followed this sequence: Qsat (CV-MSSP) > Qsat (MB-MSSP). This theoretical finding explained the highest adsorption for CV dye at different temperatures and characterized analytically its affinity for tested adsorbates. The geometry inclination of tested dyes on MSSP adsorbent surface was described in the paper by analyzing the bonded number of CV and MB dye molecules per site. It was demonstrated that these dyes were adsorbed via a mixed orientation. Based on the estimated concentrations at half-saturation, the calculated adsorption energies suggested that the adsorption of CV and MB on MSSP adsorbent was endothermic. A general analytical description of the dye adsorption mechanism showed that the density of receptor sites and adsorption energies followed the same trend as the adsorption capacity, then they can be considered as the factors that governed this separation process.